Apr 27, 2024  
2020-2021 Course Catalog 
    
2020-2021 Course Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions


 Course numbering

— 100 to 499 Undergraduate

— 500+  Graduate

Abbreviations

ACCT - Accounting
LING - Linguistics
BIOL - Biology
MATH - Mathematics
CHEM - Chemistry and Biochemistry
MFTH - Marriage and Family Therapy
COMP - Computers
MGMT - Management
COMM - Communication MUGU - Music (Guitar)
COUN - Counseling
MUPI - Music (Piano)
CRMJ - Criminal Justice
MUSC - Music
DANC - Dance
MUVO - Music (Violin)
DRAM - Drama
NURS - Nursing
EASL - English as a Second Language NUTR - Nutrition
ECSE - Early Childhood/Special Education
PHCY - Pharmacy
ECON - Economics
PHED - Physical Education
EDUC - Education
PHIL - Philosophy
ENGL - English PHYA - Physician Assistant
EXSC- Exercise Science
PHYS - Physical Science
FIAR - Fine Arts
POLS - Political Science
FREN - French
PPOA - Public Policy and Advocacy
HDFS - Human Development/Family Studies
PSYC - Psychology
HESC - Health Science
PUBH - Public Health
HINF - Health Informatics
RELS - Religious Studies
HIST - History
SOCL - Sociology
IABS - Institute of Autism and Behavioral Studies
SOCW - Social Work
INFT - Information Technology
SPAN - Spanish
INTD - Interdisciplinary
SPEC - Special Education
INTS - International Studies
SPST - Sports Studies
LCPR - Latino Community Practice
WMST - Women’s Studies
 
  
  • NUTR 595 - Independent Study/Research


    3 Credits
    This course is required for all graduate students as completion of their master’s degree. Students are paired with a faculty advisor. The topic and type of research or project need to be approved early in the semester. Types of approved projects/research include an evidence-based review, a pilot research study, curriculum development and implementation or evaluation, program evaluation, designing a blog and measuring its impact, outcomes research, cost-utility research, secondary dataset analysis and more. (Note: Students planning to use human subjects in a research project must submit an application first to the advisor and then to the USJ Institutional Review Board.) The written report from this independent study and an oral presentation to the department faculty are the required final comprehensive examination.
    Prerequisite(s): NUTR 594 - Research Methods . Application forms for independent study/research are available at the Graduate Studies Program office and must be approved by the project advisor, department chair and dean of the school. The applications must be completed before the add date for the course.
  
  • NUTR 596 - Independent Study/Research


    3 Credits
    This course is required for all graduate students as completion of their master’s degree. Students are paired with a faculty advisor. The topic and type of research or project need to be approved early in the semester. Types of approved projects/research include an evidence-based review, a pilot research study, curriculum development and implementation or evaluation, program evaluation, designing a blog and measuring its impact, outcomes research, cost-utility research, secondary dataset analysis and more. (Note: Students planning to use human subjects in a research project must submit an application first to the advisor and then to the USJ Institutional Review Board.) The written report from this independent study and an oral presentation to the department faculty are the required final comprehensive examination.
    Prerequisite(s): NUTR 594 - Research Methods . Application forms for independent study/research are available at the Graduate Studies Program office and must be approved by the project advisor, department chair and dean of the school and completed before the add date for the course.
  
  • NUTR 598 - Master’s Thesis


    3 Credits
    Original research study, culminating in a master’s degree. Needs pre-approval.
  
  • NUTR 599 - Master’s Thesis


    3 Credits
    Original research study, culminating in a master’s degree. Needs pre-approval.
  
  • NUTR 604 - Evaluation of Literature in Sports


    3 Credits
    In this course, the student will have the opportunity to evaluate the literature in sports nutrition in order to utilize evidence-based practices in the procession. Evaluation of sports foods, dietary supplements and ergogenic aids will be a major component of the course but students will also have the opportunity to explore other related topic in sports nutrition. The content modules will provide you with a baseline knowledge but revolve around you, as the student, evaluating evidence-based science through the use of current journal articles.
  
  • NUTR 608 - Practical Applications in Sports Nutrition


    3 Credits
    The Practicum course offers sports nutrition graduate students the unique opportunity to design your own experiential learning plan and apply the evidence-based principles and methods presented in the sports nutrition course curriculum to gain hands-on experience in the area. Sports nutrition is a specialized branch of nutrition that studies food with relevance to athletic performance and by requiring the Practicum to earn your graduate certificate or degree, we ensure that students have an applied sports nutrition experience. To broaden each student’s vision and conceptual understanding of applied sports nutrition the practicum involves work that is distinct from the student’s current employment duties.
    Prerequisite(s): NUTR 591 - Sports Nutrition  and NUTR 604 - Evaluation of Literature in Sports  - students may take NUTR 604 concurrently with department permission.
  
  • NUTR 610 - Clinical Sports Nutrition


    3 Credits
    In this course, the student will be introduced to general sports nutrition concepts from a clinical perspective. Students will integrate physiology, sports nutrition and medical nutrition therapy concepts and apply these concepts to manage common clinical conditions experienced by athletes.  Examples of clinical conditions requiring specialized sports nutrition approaches are diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, eating disorders, and micronutrient deficiencies among others.
  
  • PHCY 700 - Introduction to Health Care and Population Health


    3 Credits
    This course is an introduction to pharmacy practice and the health care system. Students explore the history of pharmacy, the role of pharmacy in the healthcare system, and the roles of other health care professionals. Sessions include an introduction to practice types, ethical and professionalism foundations, regulations, and contemporary pharmacy practice issues. Students are also introduced to basic population health concepts, including health policy, payment systems, population health management, community engagement, disease prevention, and screening. 
  
  • PHCY 701 - Introduction to the Profession of Pharmacy


    2 Credits
    This course is a survey of the profession. The first class explores pharmacy’s colorful history and place in society. Subsequent sessions include an introduction to practice types, ethical foundations, regulation and contemporary pharmacy practice issues. Required course.
     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 703 - Introduction to Self-Care Therapeutics


    1 Credits
    This course provides an introduction to over-the-counter medications used for self-treating common medical conditions in the community setting. A systematic approach is used throughout the course for assessing, triaging and making appropriate treatment recommendations. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 704 - Pharmaceutical Calculations


    3 Credits
    This course covers all aspects of pharmaceutical calculations including: interpretation of prescriptions and medication orders, Latin abbreviations and symbols used in Pharmacy, fundamentals of measurement and calculation, measurement systems, dosage and concentration units, detailed calculation of percentages, isotonic solutions, electrolyte solutions, intravenous admixtures and rates of flow, and calculations related to compounding, and patient’s parameters such as creatinine clearance. Required course.

     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 706 - Communication Skills


    1 Credits
    This course examines the principles of interpersonal communication, including active listening techniques, verbal and nonverbal communication, effective interviewing and empathic responding. The course highlights the importance of integrating health literacy and cultural competence to provide quality patient care. It emphasizes the pharmacist’s role in using communication skills to improve medication adherence and empower patients to become more involved in their health care. Required course.
     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 710 - Introduction to Pharmacochemistry


    2 Credits
    An introduction to pharmacochemistry, including pharmacology, drug biotransformation, structural features of drugs, functional group properties and receptor interactions, fundamentals of pattern recognition that relate chemical structure to pharmacological action and dose-response curves. Required course.
     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 715 - Protein Function


    2 Credits
    This course is a study of the basic concepts of biomolecular structure and function with an emphasis on proteins. It provides an introduction to biomolecules and biomolecular reactions, followed by a more detailed examination of bioenergetics, protein chemistry and enzymology. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 716 - Information Metabolism: Nucleic Acids and Cellular Communication


    2 Credits
    This course is a study of the basic concepts of information storage, expression and transfer in mammalian systems. Emphasis is placed on DNA replication and repair, gene expression, transmembrane transport and signal transduction. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 717 - Carbohydrate, Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism


    2 Credits
    This course is a study of intermediary metabolism in mammalian cells. The course covers the digestion, absorption, biosynthesis and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids at the cellular level in both the normal and disease states. An emphasis is placed on fuel molecule metabolism and its regulation at the cellular and organismic level. Required course.

     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 720 - Pharmacy Administration


    3 Credits
    The course examines the basic principles of management and leadership as they apply to pharmacy practice. These principles include operational planning, financial analysis, organizational design, medication safety and quality, and personnel management. This course provides a background knowledge base from which managerial decisions can be initiated in different pharmacy environments. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 721 - Pharmacoeconomics


    2 Credits
    This course is an introduction to concepts of pharmacoeconomics and pharmacoeconomic analysis, and their role in therapeutic, administrative and policy decision-making. Students will learn to evaluate, critique and interpret pharmacoeconomic literature, and be able to apply the methodologies and results to medical decision-making. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 722 - Biostatistics and Literature Evaluation


    2 Credits
    This course builds on basic statistics and introduces the concepts and methods of biostatistics and study design. The course develops the ability to critically evaluate the scientific literature and identify findings that have implications for pharmacy practice. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 724 - Drug Information and Literature Evaluation


    2 Credits
    This course is an introduction to the practice of drug information, which includes literature search methodology and techniques, drug literature evaluation and medical writing as it applies to pharmacy practice. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 728 - Pharmacy Law


    2 Credits
    A study of the basic provisions of state and federal pharmacy laws and regulations for pharmacy practice, licensure, controlled substance issues, legal liabilities, laws and regulations of other health care providers, and pharmacy case law. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 730 - Pharmacochemistry of the Autonomic Nervous System


    2 Credits
    This course presents the basic concepts of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry of drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system. Students learn about the drugs’ chemical properties, mechanisms of action, routes of administration, clinical uses, disposition, adverse reactions, structure- and mechanism-based interactions, and drug-disease interactions. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 731 - Pharmacochemistry of the Cardiovascular, Renal and Blood-Clotting Systems


    3 Credits
    This course presents the basic concepts of pharmacochemistry of drugs affecting the cardiovascular, renal and blood clotting systems. Students learn the drugs’ chemical properties, mechanisms of action, clinical uses, adverse reactions, structure- and mechanism-based interactions, and clinical applications. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open to Pharmacy students only.
  
  • PHCY 732 - Pharmacochemistry of Drugs with Actions on Smooth Muscle Systems


    2 Credits
    This course presents the basic concepts of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry of drugs that have direct or indirect effects to produce important actions on selected smooth muscle systems. Specifically, the course covers the pharmacochemistry of eicosanoids, histamine, proton pump inhibitors, serotonin, cannabinoids and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Students also learn about the drugs’ chemical properties, mechanisms of action, clinical uses, disposition, adverse reactions, structure- and mechanism-based interactions, and drug-disease interactions. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 733 - Pharmacochemistry of the Endocrine System


    2 Credits
    This course presents basic immunology and immunologic applications for diagnosis and treatment of disease. Discussion covers the basic concepts of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry of drugs and vaccinations affecting the immune system. Students learn the drugs’ chemical properties, mechanisms of action, clinical uses, adverse reactions and structure- and mechanism-based interactions. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 734 - Pharmacochemistry of the Immune System


    3 Credits
    This course presents basic immunology and immunologic applications for diagnosis and treatment of disease. Discussion of the basic concepts of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry of drugs and vaccinations affecting the immune system. The course also covers the drugs’ chemical properties, mechanisms of action, clinical uses, adverse reactions, and structure- and mechanism-based interactions. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 735 - Pharmochemistry of Anti-infective Drugs


    3 Credits
    This course presents the principles of pathogenicity of major disease-causing bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and helminthes. In addition, it emphasizes the basic concepts of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry of drugs used as anti-infective agents, specifically antimicrobials, antivirals and antifungals, among others, to support proper selection of chemotherapeutic agents to treat individual infections. Covers the drugs’ chemical properties, mechanisms of action, clinical uses, adverse reactions, resistance, and structure- and mechanism-based interactions. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy classes are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 736 - Pharmacochemistry of the Antineoplastic Agents


    2 Credits
    This course presents the basic concepts of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry of drugs to treat neoplasia. In addition, there is an introduction to carcinogenesis and the neoplastic state. The course focuses on the antineoplastic drugs’ chemical properties, mechanisms of action, clinical uses, adverse reactions, drug resistance, and structure- and mechanism-based interactions. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 737 - Pharmacochemistry of the Central Nervous System


    2 Credits
    This course presents the basic concepts of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry of drugs targeted to affect the central nervous system. It covers the drugs’ chemical properties, mechanisms of action, routes of administration, clinical uses, disposition, adverse reactions, structure- and mechanism-based interactions, and drug-disease interactions. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 745 - Herbal Products and Dietary Supplements


    2 Credits
    This course addresses the principles and the pharmacotherapeutic applications of both herbal products and dietary supplements encountered in pharmacy practice. The course examines the legal, ethical and policy issues surrounding the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine . Emphasis is placed on the student’s ability to provide evidence-based, comprehensive patient education of herbal products and dietary supplements. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 750 - Pharmaceutics


    4 Credits
    This course provides a basic understanding of the physicochemical and biological properties of pharmaceutical products and application of this knowledge to dosage form design, formulation, performance and drug delivery systems. It emphasizes how these factors affect the stability, kinetics, bioavailability and bioequivalence of drugs in dosage forms. It also focuses on the theory, technology, formulation, evaluation and dispensing of aqueous and non-aqueous liquids, disperse systems, semisolids, solids, transdermal, parenteral, ophthalmic, topical and other dosage forms. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 751 - Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics


    4 Credits
    This course provides a fundamental understanding of the principles of biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics that can be applied to evaluation of drug therapy. It explores the effects of the physicochemical properties of the drug, the dosage form in which it is given, and the route of administration on the rate and extent of drug absorption into the systemic circulation. It also explores the application of pharmacokinetic models that aid in the design and optimization of dosage regimens. Included is a study of the interrelationship of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. Required course.

     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.

  
  • PHCY 752 - Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory


    1 Credits
    This course applies pharmaceutical principles in the preparation and evaluation of dosage forms, and develops proficiency in compounding such formulations. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 753 - Pharmaceutical Care Lab


    1 Credits
    This laboratory is designed to introduce the concepts of pharmaceutical care and to practice the skills necessary to become a professional and conscientious pharmaceutical care practitioner. Skills introduced include prescription processing, interaction with members of the healthcare team, medication therapy management, preparation of sterile products, patient consultation and documentation of care. Required course.

     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.

  
  • PHCY 758 - Immunization Certification Course


    1 Credits
    This course is composed of a nationally recognized immunization certificate training program. Content includes: vaccine preventable diseases, vaccines, vaccine schedules, administration technique, pharmacy practice considerations and proper vaccination counseling. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are available only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 761 - Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience 1


    1 Credits
    This course places the student into live pharmacy practice in a community or institutional setting. It consists of one 8-hour day per week over five weeks in the fall semester of the P1 year. Students begin to learn the basic distributive and administrative skills necessary to process prescriptions or medication orders while interacting with patients, preceptors, technicians and other health care practitioners. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 762 - Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience 2


    1 Credits
    This course places the student into live pharmacy practice in a community or institutional setting. It consists of one 8-hour day per week over five weeks in the spring semester of the P1 year. Students continue to learn the basic distributive and administrative skills necessary to process prescriptions or medication orders while interacting with patients, preceptors, technicians and other health care practitioners. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 763 - Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience 3


    4 Credits
    This course places the student into live pharmacy practice in either a community or institutional setting. It consists of five 8-hour days per week for four weeks in the early summer immediately following spring semester of the P1 year. During this experience students continue to learn the basic distributive and administrative skills necessary to process prescriptions or medication orders while interacting with patients, preceptors, technicians and other health care practitioners. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 795 - First-Year Integrative Experience


    2 Credits
    The course consists of several integrated case studies and assignments based on material taken from the first year curriculum. The exercises are chosen specifically for their rich multidisciplinary content. For each exercise, students work in teams to analyze the cases and answer integrative study questions based on the P1 year courses. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 803 - Advanced Self-care Therapeutics


    2 Credits
    An examination of the principles and application of nonprescription medicine for self-treatable conditions frequently encountered in the community setting. This course refines communication techniques and develops decision-making skills essential for pharmacists to assess patient symptoms and gather targeted patient-specific health histories. Emphasis is placed on the ability of the pharmacist to select proper self-care therapies and provide comprehensive patient education based on a presumed diagnosis and health history. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.

     

  
  • PHCY 804 - Writing in Pharmacy Practice, 1


    1 Credits
    This course if the first in a two-part course sequence that increases proficiency in audience- appropriate, professional writing for clinical practice. Throughout this course critical thinking skills are applied to health-related topics in addition to literature searching, evaluating, and referencing to produce written work suitable for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. (1)
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy course are only open to pharmacy students.

     

  
  • PHCY 806 - Writing in Pharmacy Practice, 2


    1 Credits
    This course is the second in a two-part course sequence that increases proficiency in audience-appropriate professional writing for clinical practice. Throughout this course critical thinking skills are applied to health-related topics in addition to literature searching, evaluating, and referencing to produce written work suitable for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. (1)
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses open only to pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 807 - Practice Integration I


    2 Credits
    This course prepares students for a professional orientation to patient care through informed presentations of relevant faculty-selected health care topics and meaningful interprofessional education and practice opportunities. Students complete one successful topic presentation and develop a comprehensive knowledge of the Top 300 Drugs. It also builds upon the student’s ability to deliver patient care as part of an inter-professional team. Students participate in interprofessional education activities with students from the Nursing and Physician Assistant Studies programs. Required course.

     

  
  • PHCY 809 - Practice Integration II


    2 Credits
    This course equips students with a professional orientation to patient care through faculty-assigned patient cases and for meaningful interprofessional education and practice opportunities. Students complete one successful patient case presentation and develop a comprehensive knowledge of the Top 300 Drugs. This course builds upon the student’s ability to deliver patient care as part of an interprofessional team. Students participate in interprofessional education activities with students from the Nursing and Physician Assistant Studies programs. Required course.
  
  • PHCY 810 - Clinical Toxicology


    2 Credits
    This course reviews the principles of acute and chronic toxicities in humans exposed to common drugs, chemicals and household products. Covered topics include the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of drugs, physical and laboratory assessments of the poisoned patient, development and implementation of clinical management plans for common poisonings, and the role of the pharmacist on the health care team in the prevention and management of poisonings. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 814 - Patient Assessment


    3 Credits
    This course introduces patient assessment as it applies to pharmacy practice. It provides an overview of medical terminology, human anatomy and basic physical assessment skills, but is not intended to teach diagnostic techniques. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 828 - Pharmacotherapy of Infectious Diseases, Part I


    2 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of infectious diseases topics, including the pathophysiology of common infectious diseases and the therapies used to treat them. Covers infections of the gastrointestinal system, genito-urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin and soft tissue. Also includes discussions of relevant clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship. Required course.

     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.

  
  • PHCY 830 - Pharmacotherapy of Renal Disorders


    2 Credits

    This course provides a thorough analysis of the pharmacotherapy of the renal system, including common disease states and the therapies used to treat them. Topics covered include: an overview of renal anatomy and physiology, clinical assessment of the kidneys, acute and chronic kidney disease and the associated complications, parathyroid gland disorders, electrolyte imbalances, acid/base disorders, renal replacement therapies and renal transplant. Required course.

     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.

  
  • PHCY 832 - Pharmacotherapy of the Endocrine System


    2 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of the pharmacotherapy of the endocrine system, including common disease states and the therapies used to treat them. Disease states covered include disorders of the pancreas, thyroid gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland and the adrenal glands. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 833 - Pharmacotherapy of Immunologic and Autoimmune Disorders


    1 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of the pharmacotherapy of immunologic and autoimmune disorders. Topics/disease states covered in this course include: allergic and pseudo-allergic reactions, systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout and solid organ transplant. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 834 - Pharmacotherapy of Common Respiratory Disorders


    2 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of the pharmacotherapy employed for the treatment of common disorders affecting the respiratory system. Disorders covered include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary hypertension and allergic rhinitis. Required course.
     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 835 - Pharmacotherapy of GI & Liver Disorders


    3 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of the pharmacotherapy of gastrointestinal, liver and nutritional disorders, including common disease states and the therapies used to treat these conditions. Disease states covered include nutritional deficiency anemias, cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, pancreatitis, constipation, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, acute liver disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and celiac disease. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 837 - Pharmacotherapy of Hematologic and Oncologic Disorders


    3 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of the pharmacotherapy of oncologic and hematologic disorders. Topics covered include supportive care in the oncology patient, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as well as various solid and hematologic malignancies. Lectures will focus on the risk factors, prevention, roles of therapeutic options and pharmacologic options available in each disease state. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 838 - Pharmacotherapy of Psychiatric Disorders


    2 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of the pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders including common disease states and the therapies used to treat them. Topics cover major psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety-related disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sleep-related disorders and substance-related disorders. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 839 - Pharmacotherapy of Neurologic Disorders


    2 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of the pharmacotherapy of neurologic disorders, including common disease states and the therapies used to treat them. Topics/disease states covered include: acute and chronic pain, headache and migraines, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy and status epilepticus, autism spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 840 - Pharmacotherapy of Selected Populations: Geriatrics


    2 Credits
    This course provides an understanding of the aging process and how it relates to the pharmacotherapeutic management of a geriatric patient. Additionally, it provides an in-depth evaluation of the disease states that are most prevalent in the geriatric community. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 842 - Pharmacotherapy of Selected Populations: Pediatrics


    2 Credits
    This course explores the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of major disease states among pediatric patients. Developmental pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are reviewed to explain the physiological differences between children and adults. Students gain a baseline knowledge in pediatric pharmacy and develop critical-thinking skills essential for pharmacists in a hospital and community setting. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 843 - Pharmacotherapy of Common Dermatologic Conditions


    2 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of dermatologic pharmacotherapy, including common disease states and the therapies employed for them. Disease states covered include acne vulgaris, eczema, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and cutaneous reactions to drugs, burns and wound care. Required course.

     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.

  
  • PHCY 844 - Pharmacotherapy of Infectious Diseases 2


    2 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of infectious diseases, including the pathophysiology of common infectious diseases in hospitalized patients and the therapies used to treat them. Infections of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, intra-abdominal compartment, respiratory tract, skeletal system, and skin and soft tissue are covered. (2)
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses can only be taken by pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 845 - Pharmacotherapy of Infectious Diseases 3


    2 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of infectious diseases, including the pathophysiology of common infectious diseases and the therapies used to treat them. Infections in special populations including sepsis, tuberculosis, fungal infections, human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and opportunistic infections are covered. (2)
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open to pharmancy students only.
  
  • PHCY 846 - Pharmacotherapy of the Cardiovascular System 1


    2 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of pharmacotherapy of the cardiovascular system including common disease states and the therapies used to treat them.  Topics covered in this course include: hypertension, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic stable angina, acute coronary syndrome (2)
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open to pharmacy students only.
  
  • PHCY 847 - Pharmacotherapy of the Cardiovascular System 2


    2 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of the pharmacotherapy of the cardiovascular system including common diseases states and the therapies used to treat these conditions. Topics covered in this course include: acute and chronic heart failure, arrhythmias, venous thromboembolism, and anticoagulatoin therapy. (2)
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 848 - Pharmacotherapy of the Cardiovascular System


    3 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of the pharmacotherapy of the cardiovascular system including common disease states and the therapies used to treat these conditions. Topics covered in this course include: hypertension, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic stable angina, acute coronary syndrome, acute and chronic heart failure, arrhythmias, venous thromboembolism, and anticoagulation therapy.
  
  • PHCY 856 - Pharmacotherapy of Selected Populations: Women’s and Men’s Health


    2 Credits
    This course provides a thorough analysis of the pharmacotherapy of common illnesses that warrant sex/gender differences in the delivery of care or design of treatment regimens. Topics/disease states covered include menstrual health and menstrual-related disorders; contraceptive methods; pre-conception care; drug principles in pregnancy and lactation; pregnancy-related conditions; pharmacotherapy of labor and delivery; hormone therapy in menopause; osteoporosis; benign prostatic hyperplasia; sexual dysfunction and alopecia. Non-prescription therapies to manage disease states involving these topics are addressed in PHCY 703 - Introduction to Self-Care Therapeutics PHCY 745 - Herbal Products and Dietary Supplements  and PHCY 803 - Advanced Self-care Therapeutics . Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 861 - Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience 4


    1 Credits
    This course places the student into an actual practice experience in a community or institutional pharmacy. Building on the experience in PHCY 762 - Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience 2 , it is the fourth of five introductory pharmacy practice experiences, and consists of one 8-hour day per week over a 5-week period in the fall term of the second professional year. Students are exposed to fundamental professional practice skills, have interactions with health care consumers and professionals, and become involved in pharmaceutical care. Each introductory pharmacy practice experience is meaningfully interfaced with course work and continues in a progressive manner into the advanced pharmacy practice experiences in the third professional year. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 862 - Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience 5


    1 Credits
    This course places the student into an actual practice experience in a community or institutional pharmacy. It is the last of five introductory pharmacy practice experiences, and consists of one 8-hour day per week over 5 weeks in the spring term of the second professional year. Students are exposed to fundamental professional practice skills, have interactions with health care consumers and professionals, and become involved in pharmaceutical care. Each introductory pharmacy practice experience is coordinated with classroom coursework and leads into the advanced pharmacy practice experiences in the third professional year. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 865 - Principles of Drug Design and Drug Development from a Preclinical Approach


    2 Credits
    This course is an overview of what it takes to develop of a new drug. Students will learn the fundamentals of drug design, drug discovery and drug development in both academia and industry. They will understand the complete process through specific successful examples. Students will also learn about the patent process, challenges finding the right funding resources, the regulatory responsibilities for filing and the required forms for the Investigational New Drug Application (IND) and New Drug Application (NDA). Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy classes are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 866 - Molecular Endocrine Pharmacology


    2 Credits
    This course introduces students to fundamental and advanced concepts of molecular endocrinology, which includes the study of cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate the physiological and pathophysiological actions of the hormones. This course also reviews novel therapeutic agents that are available or under development. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 867 - Culture and Health Beliefs in Pharmacy Practice


    2 Credits
    This course provides an introduction to understanding cultures in terms of the medical community. The course focuses on introducing non-Eurocentric cultures, and how the ideals and customs of these cultures translate to providing appropriate medical care. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 868 - The Molecular Biology of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Cancer Therapy


    2 Credits
    This course is a study of the cellular processes associated with the hallmarks of cancer and the biochemical pathways that drive cancer initiation and progression. These molecular pathways are then examined to investigate their potential for exploitation in the development of novel therapeutic agents or innovative approaches to cancer therapy. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 869 - Advanced Toxicology


    2 Credits
    This course reviews the principles of acute and chronic toxicities in humans exposed to drugs, chemicals and natural substances. Toxicological history is discussed. After a detailed pharmacokinetics review, students use knowledge of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion to make decisions regarding certain drug toxicities. Students also learn the basics of Advanced Hazmat Life Support, including the management of chemical, biological and radiation attacks. Other topics discussed include rabies, street drugs, marine toxins and poisonous botanicals. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 870 - Substance Abuse


    2 Credits
    This course covers substance abuse topics as they relate to the profession of pharmacy. Topics include the history of substance abuse, misuse of prescription medications, available treatment programs, as well as the prescribing and use of naloxone products by pharmacists. This course also focuses on building skills necessary to communicate effectively with patients and caregivers affected by substance abuse. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 871 - Sterile Products


    2 Credits
    This course introduces concepts and principles of sterile products compounding, including application of aseptic techniques and laminar flow theory. Emphasis is placed on U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) chapter 797, engineering controls and quality assurance programs for compounding sterile products. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are only open to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 872 - Specialized Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems


    2 Credits
    This course focuses on the formulation, evaluation and principles of novel and specialized dosage forms. It covers the fundamentals of cellular absorption of macromolecules such as DNA, peptides, proteins and novel approaches for protein and gene delivery. It includes the principles and applications of radiopharmaceuticals, targeted and self-regulated drug delivery systems of advanced drug targeting, and delivery to specific areas of the body. Students apply pharmaceutical principles in the preparation and evaluation of selected dosage forms in specialty compounding exercises. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 873 - Advanced Herbals and Dietary Supplements


    2 Credits
    This course provides an in-depth exploration of the herbal products and dietary supplements used in athletic performance and weight loss in addition to those recommended through popular media. During the course, students search popular media sites and relate information to scientific studies to draw conclusions about these products. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy classes are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  
  • PHCY 875 - Advanced Leadership & Executive Development


    2 Credits
    This course expands the understanding of leadership and the concepts behind developing great leaders. Students advance their understanding of leadership style, and challenge that style in situational application. Topics discussed include personal leadership traits, cultural sensitivity, generational tendencies, failure, expectations and emotional intelligence. Students use these topics to construct and present perspectives of self, group and organizational dynamics and include motivation, reflection, goal setting and implementation. Elective course.

     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy classes are open only to Pharmacy students.

  
  • PHCY 876 - Leadership in the Real World


    2 Credits
    This course employs concepts learned in PHCY 875 - Advanced Leadership & Executive Development , and puts them to use in simulated real-world scenarios. Additional topics are presented to supplement and enhance students’ understanding of great leadership, including emotional intelligence, human resources, marketing, interviewing, quality improvement and medication safety. Students then use these topics to construct and present a project proposal to a panel of experts. Final presentations are cumulative in their incorporation of topics learned during both leadership electives, including personal and interpersonal skills, organizational dynamics, team-based productivity and project development. Elective course.

     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy classes are open only to Pharmacy students.

  
  • PHCY 877 - Advanced Methods in Health Economics and Outcomes Research


    2 Credits
    This course emphasizes concepts, methods and procedures commonly used in health economic outcomes research. It provides hands-on experience with a variety of qualitative and quantitative data analysis strategies, emphasizing the ability to interpret and communicate research findings to guide health care and policy decision-making. Students gain necessary skills to prepare and conduct research methods and analysis in health services research. Elective course.

     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy classes are open only to Pharmacy students.

  
  • PHCY 878 - Seminar in Critical Care Therapeutics


    2 Credits
    A focused discussion of selected disease states encountered in the intensive care unit, as well as the pharmacotherapeutic challenges faced in the treatment of critical illness. Application of therapeutics is used to enhance clinical skills and to learn about the various responsibilities of a clinical pharmacist in the ICU. This learning experience includes an on-site visit to an ICU (must have transportation). Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 879 - Molecular Basis of Xenobiotic-Induced Oxidative Stress-Mediated Toxicity and Its Clinical Implications


    2 Credits
    Oxidative stress has been recognized as an important mechanism associated with many diseases and contributes to xenobiotic-induced toxicity. This course provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress including the key players, the intracellular signaling mechanism and the signaling consequences. Discussion includes the importance of the antioxidant defense mechanism in combating oxidative stress. In addition, the class examines commonly used over the counter drugs that result in oxidative stress-mediated toxicity and the factors that affect its toxicity due to modulation of antioxidant defense mechanism. Elective course.

     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are only open to Pharmacy students.

  
  • PHCY 880 - Pharmacogenomics


    2 Credits
    This course introduces the practice of pharmacogenomics and bioinformatics, which includes the influence of genetic variation on individual drug response and the appropriate use of biotechnology to improve patient care outcomes. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 881 - Drugs in Pregnancy


    2 Credits

    This course provides an analysis of pharmacotherapy in pregnancy and lactation. By the end of this course students are able to identify medications with teratogenicity that can cause harm to the fetus, in addition to learning how to manage common disease states during pregnancy. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.

  
  • PHCY 882 - Advanced Literature Evaluation


    2 Credits

    This course builds upon concepts taught in PHCY 724 - Drug Information and Literature Evaluation  and PHCY 722 - Biostatistics and Literature Evaluation . Emphasis is placed on the critical evaluation of primary literature and its application to clinical practice. Additionally, the course focuses on discussions of recently published literature to enhance medical literature interpretation skills in preparation for post-graduate training programs. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.

  
  • PHCY 883 - Advanced Diabetes Management


    2 Credits
    This elective deepens the student’s understanding of diabetes mellitus by building upon subject matter introduced in PHCY 832 - Pharmacotherapy of the Endocrine System . To empathize with those afflicted with diabetes mellitus and to experience the impact the condition has on daily life, students participate in a simulation exercise where they receive mock “insulin” injections and check capillary blood glucose. Students also design, recommend, monitor and evaluate patient-specific diabetes regimens that incorporate the principles of evidence-based medicine. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 884 - History of Antimicrobials and Emerging Resistance


    2 Credits
    This course progresses through a history of antibiotics and the bacteria that display subsequent resistance. Further information is presented concerning mechanisms of resistance, the emerging trends in antimicrobial resistance in the community and hospital, why these drugs are often prescribed inappropriately, and how to promote their proper use. It covers the genetics of resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials, including discussions of the most common and emerging antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antiviral-resistant viruses as well as resistant fungi. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 885 - Cosmeceutical and Nutraceutical Formulations in Pharmacy Practice


    2 Credits
    The development of cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals relies on the broad understanding of many different physiological, chemical, biological and ethical factors. This course is designed to provide the student with a basic understanding of these factors and rationale for the design, testing and legislation of cosmeceuticals.
  
  • PHCY 886 - Pharmaceutical Management and Use


    2 Credits
    This course discusses the issues of pharmaceutical management in the international health environment, with a focus on the United States. Topics include national drug policies, use of pharmaceuticals and the knowledge and methods to investigate needs, use and access. Students are given insight into how pharmaceutical use is affected by behavior, society, health system and policy, and the changing role of pharmacists in pharmaceutical care. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 887 - Anticoagulation in Clinical Practice


    2 Credits
    This course provides a focused overview of the major topics in anticoagulation management encountered in clinical practice, including commonly encountered pharmacotherapeutic challenges. Topics discussed include a brief review of prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism and anticoagulation in various disease states, anticoagulation in special patient populations, in-depth discussion of the role of direct oral anticoagulants in therapy, in-depth discussion of vitamin K antagonists and review of treatment plans requiring modification of anticoagulation, including therapeutics of reversal agents. Students develop a working knowledge and skill set based on current guidelines that is helpful in providing “pharmacy-managed” anticoagulation services in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Elective course.
     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are only open to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 888 - Managed Care Pharmacy


    2 Credits
    This course expands the understanding of managed care organizations, outcomes research, and formulary management in the pharmacy curriculum. The course provides an overview of managed care pharmacy and an understanding of how managed care pharmacy impacts the healthcare system.
  
  • PHCY 889 - Postgraduate Year 1 Pharmacy Residency Preparation


    2 Credits
    This course is an introduction to post-graduate year 1 pharmacy residency programs for students interested in pursuing residencies. Students learn what residency program opportunities are available and how to prepare for the application process. They also develop skills that will help them stand out as strong applicants. Students are evaluated based on in-class participation (interviews and showcase practice), completion of assignments, and a final presentation.
  
  • PHCY 892 - Directed Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences Research


    2 Credits

    This course is an introduction to the research methodology in various fields of pharmaceutical sciences such as biochemistry, immunology, medicinal chemistry, microbiology, molecular and cellular biology, pharmaceutics and pharmacology. The course includes both classroom and laboratory activities. It is recommended for students considering taking PHCY 969 - Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience Elective in Pharmaceutical Research  with faculty in the Pharmaceutical Sciences department. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.

  
  • PHCY 895 - Second-Year Integrative Experience


    2 Credits
    The course is composed of several integrated case studies based on material taken from across the first and second year curricula. The cases are chosen specifically for their rich multidisciplinary content. Students work in groups to analyze the cases and provide a case presentation similar to presentations delivered during Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences. The proficiency of the students is assessed by completion of case presentations and a practice NAPLEX examination. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 896 - Pre-Appe Integrative Experience for International Students


    2 Credits
    The course integrates material taken from across the professional pharmacy curriculum and prepares students for successful completion of PHCY 991. Students apply knowledge accrued during the didactic and introductory professional pharmacy experiential curricula towards the skills of inter-professional health care delivery, identifying and solving drug therapy problems, medication reconciliation, SOAP note writing, documentation of pharmacy interventions, interviewing patients, presenting verbal recommendations, calculation of doses, and succinctly answering drug information questions.
    Other: Open only to international students who are not matriculated in the USJ Pharm.D. program.
  
  • PHCY 901 - Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience in Ambulatory Care


    6 Credits
    Clinical experience in providing pharmaceutical care in outpatient settings such as clinics and medical offices. This course focuses on case management in the outpatient population, including patient data gathering and organization, collection and assessment; care plan development, monitoring, patient counseling, patient data assessment, outreach education and preventative health initiatives. Travel may be requires to other patient care sites (e.g., skilled nursing facilities and inpatient hospital units). Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 902 - Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience in Acute Care


    6 Credits
    This class promotes student knowledge, skills and abilities and allows the student to participate effectively in the patient care decision-making process in the inpatient institutional setting. During these experiences the student has the opportunity to participate in ongoing clinical activities. The student is an integral part of the health care team and gains experience with patient interviewing techniques, patient monitoring, clinical use of drugs, chemical concentrations in biological fluids and manual and computerized methods for planning dosing regimens. Emphasis is placed on the student’s demonstration and understanding of common disease states and treatment modalities. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 903 - Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience in Community Practice


    6 Credits
    This course provides a more in-depth experience in community pharmacy and the role of the community pharmacist. It involves active participation and patient care responsibilities in a progressive fashion, designed to develop the practice skills, judgment, professional behavior, attitudes and values, confidence and personal responsibility needed for each student to embark on an independent and collaborative practice. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 904 - Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience in Advanced Institutional Practice


    6 Credits
    This course offers instruction and practical experience in various components of hospital pharmacy with an emphasis on hospital organization, inpatient and outpatient services, IV admixtures, unit dose and clinical services. It also includes drug distribution, DUE, ADR reporting, formulary review and amendment, cost containment outcome assessment, quality assurance, inventory control and maintenance of mandated pharmacy records. Building upon previous internship experiences, assignments are made to facilities that can provide the greatest degree of new and unique exposure for each student. Required course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 920 - Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience in Cardiology


    6 Credits
    This course develops each student’s ability to manage the pharmaceutical care plan for patients with acute and chronic cardiovascular disease states (e.g., acute myocardial infarction, heart failure/transplant, acute coronary syndromes, dysrhythmias and hypertension/hyperlipidemia), in addition to their general medicine concerns in an inpatient setting. The course enhances the students’ communication skills by interacting with patients, nurses, physicians, pharmacists and other health care professionals and improves their ability to develop patient-specific therapeutic care plans. Elective course.
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.
  
  • PHCY 921 - Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience in Critical Care


    6 Credits
    This course provides students with the opportunity to learn about critical care disease states and pharmacotherapy, including selecting and recommending appropriate drug regimens and monitoring and adjusting these therapies as needed. This experience will also provide the opportunity to practice effective communication skills through writing and speaking opportunities with various disciplines. Elective course.

     

     
    Prerequisite(s): Pharmacy courses are open only to Pharmacy students.

 

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